IC CD4511 for controlling Common Cathode Seven Segmented Display

Link for the PDF :- IC CD4511B pdf

   1.   PIN DESCRIPTION: -

§  Operating Voltage 2-V to 6-V V_cc

§  10mA at 6V

Four address inputs (A, B, C, D), an active-low blanking (BL) input, lamp-test (LT) input, and a latch-enable (LE) input that, when high, enables the latches to store the BCD inputs. When LE is low, the latches are disabled, making the outputs transparent to the BCD inputs.

Note: -It is used to control Common Cathode Seven Segmented display.

   2.  FUNCTION DIAGRAM: -

 

   3.  FUNCTION TABLE: -

For function table download the PDF..............

Link for the PDF :- IC CD4511B pdf

   4.  LOGIC DIAGRAM: -

    5.  CIRCUIT DIAGRAM: -

     

        

     Seven Segment Display PIN OUT

Link for the PDF :- IC CD4511B pdf

Three methods of finding Anode and Cathode of the LED (Light Emitting Diode)

Q) WHAT IS LED?????????

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a two-lead semiconductor light source. It is a p–n junction diode that emits light when activated.[5]When a suitable voltage is applied to the leads, electrons are able to recombine with electron holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence, and the colour of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy band gap of the semiconductor. LED's are typically small (less than 1 mm^2 ) and integrated optical components may be used to shape the radiation pattern.

HOW DOES LED LOOKS LIKE?

Different Types of LED's

Symbol of LED

HOW TO FIND POSITIVE (ANODE) AND NEGATIVE (CATHODE) TERMINAL...........

It's quiet easy............

There are three methods:-

FIRST METHOD

By looking at there legs we can figure out the anode and cathode.

The Leg are of different size,  i.e., The shorter leg is the NEGATIVE or CATHODE of the LED and the longer one is the POSITIVE or ANODE.

So simple.

A Normal LED

This LED has legs of different length but there is a possibility that you get the LED with both legs of same length.

LED with both legs of same length

Now what to do, here comes the 

SECOND METHOD

By looking inside the LED.

You can look inside the LED and find the ANVIL and POST.

 

In this figure you can clearly see two structure of different width. The one with the greater width is the ANVIL and other is POST

So now clearly the Anvil that has the greater width and is NEGATIVE or CATHODE where as the Post has the smaller width and is POSITIVE or ANODE of LED.

There is one more possibility that your not able to see though the LED and cannot figure out the ANVIL and the POST or you can say CATHODE and ANODE, So what now......

THIRD METHOD

So in this method you can touch the sides of the LED and search for a flat spot.

The leg near the flat spot or edge is CATHODE or NEGATIVE.

So you can clearly differentiate the POSITIVE and NEGATIVE leg of the LED.

Flat spot in LED

This was the last method for finding ANODE and CATHODE.

If you are unable to find these three things then the last option is to check it by connecting it to the battery.

WARNING :- Always remember to connect a resistor of suitable value to limit the excessive current else you might damage or burn the LED.

YOU CAN ALSO SEE VIDEO ON THE SAME EXPLAINING IT :-

                                 

This was all about finding the LED Anode and Cathode.

Note:- Some images are taken from the net we thank all the source. This is meant for educational purpose only.

HOW TO CONVERT THE LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) VALUE TO LUX

Q) What is LUX?

The lux (symbol: lx) is the SI unit of illuminance and luminous emittance, measuring luminous flux per unit area. It is equal to one lumen per square metre. In photometry, this is used as a measure of the intensity, as perceived by the human eye, oflight that hits or passes through a surface.

Q) What is LDR?

A photoresistor (or light-dependent resistor, LDR, or photoconductivecell) is a light-controlled variable resistor. The resistance of a photoresistor decreases with increasing incident light intensity; in other words, it exhibits photoconductivity. A photoresistor can be applied in light-sensitive detector circuits, and light- and dark-activated switching circuits.

LDR Sensor

LDR SYMBOL

We can connect the LDR to the Analog Pin of any micro-controller and in few steps we can directly convert the value to the illumination (lx).

Connection for LDR

Connection

1. Connect LDR and Resistor in Series (Take resistance of value 10K).
2. Now Ground one pin of the LDR (Which is not coonnected to Resistor).
3. Connect one pin of the resistance to power supply that is not connected to LDR (Do not connect it to higher power supply than the micro-controller usually +5V).
4. Connect the common pin of LDR and of RESISTOR to the Analog PIN of the micro-controller.

CALCULATIONS INVOLVED

1. R_L=500/lux
2. V₀=5*(R_L/(R_L+R))
3. V₀=LDR_value*ADC_value
4. lux=(250/V0)-50

Where: 

• R_L is the resistance of LDR
• R is the resistance connected to LDR
• LDR_value is the Analog value read by micro-controller pin
• ADC_value is system_voltage/Resolution of ADC
• V₀ is the analog measured voltage
• lux is illumination calculated

A sample example using ARDUINO UNO micro-controller

CODE

OUTPUT

Copy the code

/*  RL=500/lux
 *  V0=5*(RL/(RL+R))
 *  V0=LDR_value*ADC_value
 *  lux=(250/V0)-50
 *  Author: Ashish Kumar 
    Org: INVOOTECH                  */
float lux=0.00,ADC_value=0.0048828125,LDR_value;

void setup() {

  pinMode(A0,INPUT);    //make analog pin A0 as input

  Serial.begin(9600);   //initialize serial monitor

}

void loop() {

  LDR_value=analogRead(A0);

  lux=(250.000000/(ADC_value*LDR_value))-50.000000;

  Serial.println(lux);

  delay(1000);

}